In 1568, the Eighty Years' War began with William as stadtholder leading the bid for independence from Spain. This pitched it into the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion, during which the town was badly damaged. When William the Silent, count of Nassau, with estates in the Netherlands, inherited the title Prince of Orange in 1544, the principality was incorporated into the holdings of what became the House of Orange-Nassau. During this period, the town and the principality of Orange belonged to the administration and province of Dauphiné.Īrtist's impression of 17th century city and its citadel, by G. From the 12th century, Orange was raised to a minor principality, the Principality of Orange, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. The sovereign Carolingian counts of Orange had their origin in the eighth century they passed into the family of the lords of Baux. The Second Council of Orange was of importance in condemning what later came to be called Semipelagianism. It hosted two important synods, in 441 and 529. No longer a residential bishopric, Arausio, as it is called in Latin, is today listed by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see. It had, by then, become largely Christianised, and from the end of the third century constituted the Ancient Diocese of Orange. The town prospered, but was sacked by the Visigoths in 412. "Orange of two thousand years ago was a miniature Rome, complete with many of the public buildings that would have been familiar to a citizen of the Roman Empire, except that the scale of the buildings had been reduced – a smaller theater to accommodate a smaller population, for example." It is found in both the Tabula Peutingeriana and Le cadastre d'Orange maps.
It was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence, which was parcelled up into lots for the Roman colonists. It is cognate with the name of other ancient settlements, including Arausa, Arausia, Arausona ( Dalmatia) and the nearby Oraison ( Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). Old Irish ara, arae Ancient Greek pareiaí, parauai < * par-ausiā). The name Arausio can be explained as the Gaulish ar-aus(i)o- ('temple, cheek'), itself derived from an earlier Proto-Celtic * far-aws(y)o-, which literally means 'in front of the ear' (cf. The settlement is attested as Arausio and Arausion in the first and second centuries AD, then as civitas Arausione in the fourth century, civitas Arausicae in 517 (via a Germanized form * Arausinga), Aurengia civitatis in 1136, and as Orenga in 1205. Orange is the second-most populated city in Vaucluse, after Avignon. It is about 21 km (13 mi) north of Avignon, on the departmental border with Gard, which follows the Rhône and also constitutes the regional border with Occitania. Orange ( French pronunciation: Provençal: Aurenja ( classical norm) or Aurenjo ( Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.
Roman Theatre of Orange and Triumphal Arch of Orange UNESCO World Heritage Site Roman Theatre and its surroundings and the Triumphal Arch of Orange UNESCO World Heritage Site
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